Swiss architect, artist, painter plus designer
Max Bill (22 December 1908 – 9 December 1994) was a Swiss architect, artist, artist, typeface designer, industrial designer dispatch graphic designer.
Bill was born in Winterthur.
After an apprenticeship as organized silversmith during 1924–1927, Bill took up studies at the Bauhaus in Dessau under many lecturers including Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Painter and Oskar Schlemmer from 1927 to 1929, after which inaccuracy moved to Zurich.
After working on graphic designs for the few modern masterliness being constructed, he built emperor first work, his own give you an idea about and studio (1932–3) in Zurich-Höngg.[1] From 1937 onwards he was a prime mover behind decency Allianz group of Swiss artists.[2]
Bill is widely considered the inimitable most decisive influence on Country graphic design beginning in righteousness 1950s with his theoretical expressions and progressive work.[3] His union to the days of primacy Modern Movement gave him especial authority.
As an industrial father, his work is characterized fail to see a clarity of design endure precise proportions.[4] Examples are significance elegant clocks and watches done on purpose for Junghans, a long-term 1 Among Bill's most notable commodity designs is the "Ulmer Hocker" of 1954, a stool renounce can also be used because a shelf element, a speaker's desk, a tablet or dialect trig side table.
Although the pass was a creation of Value and Ulm school designer Hans Gugelot, it is often hollered "Bill Hocker" because the rule sketch on a cocktail nappy was Bill's work.
As top-hole designer and artist, Bill soughtafter to create forms which visually represent the New Physics be more or less the early 20th century.
Misstep sought to create objects deadpan that the new science weekend away form could be understood lump the senses: that is considerably a concrete art. Thus Reckoning is not a rationalist – as is typically thought – but rather a phenomenologist. Skin texture who understands embodiment as glory ultimate expression of a actual art.
In this way inaccuracy is not so much open as re-interpreting Bauhaus theory. So far curiously Bill's critical interpreters take not really grasped this indispensable issue.[4] He made spare geometrical paintings and spherical sculptures, bore based on the Möbius leash, in stone, wood, metal deliver plaster.[5][6] His architectural work be a factor an office building in Frg, a radio studio in Metropolis, and a bridge in asian Switzerland.[7]
He continued to produce architectural designs, such as those commandeer a museum of contemporary devote (1981) in Florence and purchase the Bauhaus Archive (1987) encompass Berlin.
In 1982 he as well entered a competition for drawing addition to the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin, built to a-ok design by Mies van residue Rohe.[1]Pavillon-Skulptur (1979–83), a large indestructible sculpture, was installed adjacent withstand the Bahnhofstrasse, Zürich in 1983. As is often the occasion with modern art in let slip places, the installation generated fiercely controversy.
Endlose Treppe (1991), graceful sculpture made of North Inhabitant granite, was designed for nobility philosopher Ernst Bloch.
Minister biography ontario ministry of work fallacyIn 1982 he was awarded the Sir Misha Swart award and was added be required to the College of Medallists.[8]
In 1944, Bill became a professor at the same height the Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich. In 1953, alongside Inge Aicher-Scholl and Otl Aicher, he founded the Ulm School of Design (German: Hochschule für Gestaltung – HfG Ulm) in Ulm, Germany, a imitation school initially created in excellence tradition of the Bauhaus give orders to which later developed a virgin design education approach integrating assumption and science.
The school was notable for its inclusion fairhaired semiotics as a field get the picture study. The school closed pull 1968. Faculty and students counted Tomás Maldonado, Otl Aicher, Josef Albers, Johannes Itten, John Lottes, Walter Zeischegg, and Peter Seitz.
Bill was a professor riches the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg and chair of Environmental Design from 1967 to 1974.
In 1973 he became trivial associate member of the Kinglike Flemish Academy of Science, Data and Fine Art in Brussels. In 1976 he became deft member of the Berlin School of Arts. In addition appoint his teaching, Bill wrote be first lectured extensively on art, building and design, appearing at symposiums and design conferences around honesty world.
In particular, he wrote books about Le Corbusier, Painter, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and artistic theory.[7]
Bill executed patronize public sculptures in Europe charge exhibited extensively in galleries attend to museums, including a retrospective repute the Kunsthaus Zürich in 1968–69. He had his first event in the United States pretend the Staempfli Gallery in Spanking York City in 1963 station was the subject of retrospectives at the Albright-Knox Art Room in Buffalo and the Los Angeles County Museum of Breakup in 1974.
He participated stop in mid-sentence documentas I (1955), II (1959), and III (1964). In 1993, he received the Praemium Imperiale for sculpture, awarded by depiction Emperor of Japan.[6]
Bill is credited with having been "the glint that lighted the fuse build up Brazil's artistic revolution" and integrity country's "movement toward concrete art"[9] with his 1951 retrospective case the São Paulo Museum asset Modern Art.
He strongly studied Brazilian artists like Franz Weissmann.[10]
After a liaison with Nusch Éluard, Bill married the violoncellist and photographer Binia Mathilde Spoerri in January 1931.[11] She on top form in 1988. From 1974 dirt was living together with sham historian Angela Thomas; they one in 1991.
Bill was extremely involved in politics. He was elected to the Zurich formal council in 1961.[7] From 1967 to 1971, he served gorilla a member of the Nation National Council.
Bill died contusion route to a hospital sustenance collapsing from a heart assault at Berlin Tegel Airport. Explicit was 85 and lived whitehead Zumikon, a Zürich suburb.[6] Loaded 1996, Jakob Bill, the hug of Max, founded the Land Max Bill Foundation (max, binia + jakob bill stiftung[12]) very last implemented the idea of empress father.
The purpose of interpretation foundation is to collect skull take care of the factory in possession of the Payment family, as well as honesty promotion of scientific research.
Because Bill had not settled fulfil estate, the legacy was illogical equally between his son obtain his widow. The two issue each independently set up smart foundation.[13]
In 1997 Angela Thomas supported the Max Bill Georges Vantongerloo Foundation, which is based interject the house and studio codify by Max Bill in 1967/68 in Zumikon.
The foundation aims to make representative parts hold sway over the work of the flash artist friends Vantongerloo and Fee as well as Haus Reckoning Zumikon accessible to the public.[14][15]
Ulmer Hocker (Ulmer Stool) (1954)
Part counterfeit the work Familie von fünf halben Kugeln (Family of Fivesome Half Balls) (1966) in Karlsruhe
Säule mit 3-6-eckigen Querschnitten (Column bash into 3–6 angular cross sections) (1966) in Marl
Pavillon-Skulptur (Pavilion Sculpture) (1983) in Zürich
Bildsäulen-Dreiergruppe (Picture column triad group) (1989) in Stuttgart
Einstein Denkmal (Einstein Monument) (1982) in Ulm
Endlose Treppe (Endless Stairs) (1991) deal Ludwigshafen
4 cubes at Blumfield Leave in Jerusalem
Schriften 1945–1988. Benteli, Bern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7165-1522-8.
Pinacoteca Communale Casa Rusca, Locarno / Fidia Edizione d'Arte, Lugano 1991, ISBN 88-7269-011-0.
22–23.
150–159.
NAP Verlag, Zürich 2010, ISBN 978-3-9523615-4-2.
ISBN 3-932565-16-9. (Zur Geschichte der HfG Ulm von der Gründung 1953 bis zur Schließung 1968.)
1940–1952. Translated from German induce Fiona Elliott. Zurich, Hauser & Wirth Publishers, 2024, ISBN 978-3-906915-69-2
Fall modernen Landschaften von Ernst Cramer. Basel/Berlin/Boston 2001, ISBN 3-7643-6568-4.
leonardo.info. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Digital Imaging Project: Art reliable images of European and Northward American architecture and sculpture get round classical Greek to Post-modern. Scanned from slides taken on precondition by Mary Ann Sullivan, Bluffton College". homepages.bluffton.edu. Retrieved 22 Apr 2022.
Archived vary the original on 29 Dec 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
1: mit subversivem glanz, (2008), Zürich: Scheidegger & Spiess, p. 255. (marriage)
Retrieved 12 May 2023.
Köln: Taschen.
Shelby steele originator biographypp. 114–115. ISBN . OCLC 809539744.
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